Section 1
Read the text below and answer questions 1-7.
Why not visit Wales and go to a festival?
A Winter Food and Craft Festival
Our ever-popular Winter Food and Craft Festival is back! This year it’s going to be bigger and better than ever. The event will host a variety of stalls, selling items ranging from fashion and personal ornaments, including beautiful necklaces or earrings, to handmade gifts. There will also be a large seating area where visitors can enjoy some of the hot and cold ready-to-eat delights on offer.
B Other Voices
On 1st and 2nd November, Other Voices makes its way from its home in Dingle on the west coast of Ireland to the town of Cardigan on the west coast of Wales, for a phenomenal weekend which celebrates the longstanding cultural and musical ties between these regions. Over the weekend we will showcase a line-up of over 30 free musical and cultural events, featuring incredible vocal performances.
C Festival of Senses
Festival of Senses is an annual free festival in the West Wales town of Llandeilo. It offers craft and fashion stalls, food stalls and more. The Country Market will be open all day on Friday and Saturday. Do visit us for light snacks and to view our wide range of goods, all produced in the area by our cooks, crafters and growers.
D Craft Festival Cardiff
Craft Festival Cardiff (formerly Made by Hand Cardiff) moved to City Hall, Cardiff in 2014. There is a range of bookable workshops for all ages. Our workshops are very popular and most sell out quickly. To book you must be over 16 years of age. We also have a range of free workshops for children between the ages of 2 and 18.
E Sparks in the Park
Our annual event enables up to 20,000 people to view one of the UK’s largest firework displays, accompanied by live presenters from HeartFM radio, a full fun-fair, food and drinks stalls and a carnival atmosphere. Two displays will be taking place again this year: a children’s firework display from 6 pm and Wales’s largest firework display from 7 pm onwards. All funds raised will be distributed to organisations that help people in need.
Questions 1-7
Look at the five advertisements for entertainment events in Wales, A-E. For which event are the following statements true? Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.
1. This event used to be known by a different name.
2. At the end of this event any profits are handed over to charities.
3. People can buy refreshments here that have all been made locally.
4. This event has increased in size since it was last held.
5. It is advisable to reserve places for certain activities at this event.
6. This event also takes place in another country.
7. People can listen to a range of singers here without paying.
Read the text below and answer Questions 8-14.
The benefits of taking an advanced driving course
Once you have passed the practical and theory components of the driving test and have your full driving licence, you may think you are an expert driver. However, there are lots of things you can do to improve your road skills, making you a safer and more competent driver.
What is an advanced driving course?
The course gives you advanced feedback and guidance on your driving habits. The series of lessons provides you with the opportunity to learn additional skills that will help you to anticipate hazards when you are driving and turn you into a more systematic and disciplined road user.
Each available course differs in structure depending on the company that you choose to use. However, they all have the same goal. And as well as producing safer drivers, the advanced driving course may help reduce your fuel consumption and keep your car in better shape for longer.
There are a few advanced driving courses you can choose from, depending on which driving skills you need to work on. Here are two examples:
IAM Roadsmart
Once you have purchased the course, the company will match you with a local expert who will observe your driving habits over a series of lessons. The instructor will then give you personalised feedback which will help ensure that you are driving in the safest way possible.
IAM Roadsmart offers a number of different advanced packages, including courses intended for users of both cars and motorcycles.
The BAC
The BAC has a wide range of specialist courses suitable for every type of driver. If there are certain elements of road use that you find particularly challenging, such as driving at night or using rural roads, you will be able to find a course that is tailored to suit you. The BAC also has a course intended to help improve confidence for more general road use.
Prices vary depending on how many hours you wish to undertake and what you wish to practise, so it is best to contact the BAC directly for more information.
Questions 8-14
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? In boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
8. An advanced driving course aims to teach drivers to predict problems on the road ahead.
9. Every advanced driving course follows a standard format.
10. An advanced driving course can show participants how to use less petrol.
11. IAM Roadsmart courses are becoming available in more places.
12. IAM Roadsmart courses operate on a one-to-one basis.
13. IAM Roadsmart runs courses for professional drivers.
14. The BAC only provides lessons to people who have particular driving requirements.
Section 2
Read the text below and answer Questions 15-21.
Cambridge is a city of cycles
For anyone in Cambridge for a few hours or a few days, hiring a bike is the easiest way to get the freedom of the city.
Come to Darren’s Bike Hire, where a large selection of bikes are all available for hire at only £25.00 a day (cost of basket and lock inclusive). They are also fitted with lights front and rear for those wishing to retain the bike overnight.
Booking
Just email info@DBH.com to ensure that there is a bike waiting for you when you need one. This is particularly necessary during the school holiday period of July and August.
Cycling is for all the family
All sizes of bikes are available for hire and, for those too small to pedal themselves, there are bikes fitted with child seats.
Hire charges
1 day £25.00
2 days £30.00
3 days £35.00
1 week £45.00
2 weeks £55.00
3 weeks £70.00
4 weeks £80.00
The hire charge must be paid in advance. In addition, a £40.00 deposit must be paid. This is returned to the hirer on the safe return of the bicycle. Rates are reduced for longer periods, especially in winter.
Questions 15-21
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? In boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
15. Darren’s Bike Hire is open 7 days a week.
16. All bicycles cost the same to hire.
17. You have to pay extra for a basket and lock.
18. Reservations are advised at some times of year.
19. All bikes come with child seats.
20. The deposit is non-refundable.
21. It can be cheaper to hire a bike during the winter months.
Read the text below and answer Questions 22-27.
Natural Environment Research Council
HOW TO APPLY FOR A JOB ONLINE
How do I start an application?
Once you’ve found a post in the Current Vacancies that you’d like to apply for and viewed the job description, click the Apply Now tab below. Then you will be presented with a screen that asks you to create a new account. Scroll down the section that says First Time Applicant to enter your email address, which is used to create your account. You also have to agree to the data collection policy before an application form will appear on screen.
How do I fill the application form in?
The form has a series of tabs at the top, with names such as Personal Details, Education, etc. These are split up to enable you to work on small sections of the application at any one time. Every time you click a tab, the data is saved. You can also alter your application at any point and then click Save Changes at the bottom of the form.
Some sections of the application form are required information. These will be indicated with an asterisk {*).
When you have finished, click the Complete tab. You then type your name (this is instead of a signature) and click Submit. You will be asked to confirm that you really want to submit your application.
Can / save my application and come back and work on it later?
The application does not need to be completed in one sitting. When you sign up for the first time, you will be sent the password for your account. You can use this to log in and continue your application. Click the login link; there will be an option on the left called My Applications. This contains a list of your applications that are in progress at the current time.
How do I apply for more than one vacancy at the same time?
You will need to submit an application form to the recruitment office for every position you are interested in being considered for. Please do not submit one application form to apply for a number of different posts.
Questions 22-27
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet.
Applying for jobs online
22. Select a job you like in the ………………. section,
• Read the job description and click Apply Now.
23. Sign up for a new account in the section named ……………
• Accept the terms of the data collection policy.
24. Work on your application form. You can move between tabs, and this allows you to fill in ……………. of the application form, completing one at a time.
25. When you’re satisfied with your application, click the Complete tab, and then click Submit after putting in your ………………
26. You do not have to finish your application in ……………… You can have a break and then go into My Applications to continue working on applications currently in progress there.
27. NB If you are applying for multiple posts, the ………………… separate application for each post.
Section 3
Read the text on pages 67 and 68 and answer Questions 28-40.
WIND POWER – A TURN FOR THE BETTER
In an effort to find alternative sources of energy, some governments have turned to wind power as a possible solution. However; this has proved controversial, as Steve Rose reports
A Think of wind power and the first image to spring to mind is most likely a giant, three-bladed propeller spinning atop a slim tower, probably in a rural area. Chances are that’s actually the only image that springs to mind – and that’s the problem.
B To renewable-energy supporters, wind turbines symbolise the hope of a green, clean future, but to opponents, they might as well be invaders from outer space. In the UK, with plans for new wind farms proceeding apace in an effort to meet the government’s interim target for renewable-sourced energy, the debate has reached crisis point. Anti-wind farm groups have been springing up wherever wind farms are proposed; some opponents say they would rather have a nuclear power station in their backyard than see the rural landscape covered in propellers on sticks. And as long as propellers on sticks are the only option, pro- and anti-wind farm camps are unlikely ever to agree. The debate is clearly as much about the aesthetics of wind power as the politics and practicalities but, at present, wind turbines barely rank above electricity pylons in terms of aesthetic consideration. Members of the design community are, however, rising to the challenge.
C One of the most striking projects rethinks the idea of the turbine entirely. It is called an Aerogenerator and it looks nothing like a propeller on a stick. The Aerogenerator, designed by Grimshaw Architects, is arguably the first wind turbine design to capture the spirit of pioneering optimism that these structures sought to express. It could also be a very practical option, especially since it would be situated offshore, far away from anyone’s backyard. While conventional turbines rotate on a horizontal axis, the tall, V-shaped Aerogenerator spins on a vertical axis, like a record. Unlike horizontal-axis designs, vertical-axis turbines can harness wind energy from any direction, and because the moving parts and the generator are at ground level, they are easier to maintain.
D ‘Our engineer thought about the problems with traditional turbines and developed a new design,’ says Theo Bird, founder of Windpower Ltd., who is funding this new Aerogenerator project through a combination of a government grant and the money he was saving to buy a new house. ‘By making our turbine so large, we can build offshore, where there’s more wind. It’s got to be something strong and simple to work at sea. And in the future, you could possibly double the power from each turbine by harnessing tidal power beneath the surface of the sea.’ ‘Also,’ adds Bird, ‘we saw it as a striking landmark that could enhance the entrance of a harbour or an industrial port.’
E Beyond making more attractive wind farms, there is also potential for integrating turbines directly into buildings. After all, if nobody wants wind turbines in the countryside, why not put them in the cities? Cities already have high-rise structures in which to incorporate turbines that would be in tune with a man-made environment. Added to this, there would be less need to transport the electricity large distances to its users.
F It took a long time for architects to successfully incorporate effective wind turbines into buildings. The architect Richard Rogers proposed an integral turbine for the Tomigaya Tower in Tokyo in 1993, but his plan was turned down. In more recent efforts, such as William Pedersen’s sports centre in New York, wind turbines seem to be environmentally friendly but do not provide a real solution to energy requirements.
G Going a step further, several years ago a European Commission-sponsored organisation named Project WEB (Wind Energy for the Built Environment) investigated in detail the possibility of constructing a purpose-built wind- powered skyscraper. According to Project WEB’s environmental engineer, Sinisa Stankovic, under the right circumstances such a building could generate nearly all of its own energy needs. Yet despite the proven effectiveness of Project WEB’s designs (which also included a four-tower design that could harness wind from any direction), the realities of the construction industry kept them on the drawing board.
H A project that came closer to realisation was the controversial Freedom Tower in New York. At the top of this enormous tower, architects intended to create a 150 m-high open cage structure containing a wind turbine. The skyscraper beneath it was shaped to channel the wind up into it, and it could have generated a quarter of the building’s needs – a genuine urban wind farm. Despite this design receiving widespread approval, other factors came to take precedence over environmental considerations. So instead of a powerful advertisement for wind power’s potential to the world, the Freedom Tower became a rather ordinary office block. Guy Battle, a much respected expert in the field of environmental and sustainable architecture, was consulting engineer for the project.
I As energy from fossil fuels becomes more scarce and expensive, the energy performance of buildings can only increase in importance. Traditional buildings have been a drain on infrastructure – water, electricity, waste disposal, etc.’ says Battle. ‘It’s no longer about just responding to cultural and social urban factors. It’s a whole different layer of architecture coming through that will begin to change the face of our cities.’
Questions 28-34
The text has nine paragraphs, A-l. Which paragraph mentions the following? Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.
28. a comparison between new and traditional turbine designs
29. two unsatisfactory attempts to include wind turbines in buildings
30. an official policy relating to energy production
31. disappointing modifications to plans for an innovative corporate building
32. a claim that changes in building design will impact the way urban areas look
33. wind farms in urban areas as one solution to the problem of appearance
34. a source of finance for the development of a new turbine for an offshore project
Questions 35-40
Look at the following projects (Questions 35-40) and the list of people below. Match each project with the correct person, A-E. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.
35. an ambitious design which resulted in a boring building
36. a venture partially financed by personal wealth
37. a building designed for leisure activities
38. a design for a building capable of producing virtually all its own energy
39. a project supported by a group of countries
40. a structure that may make use of more than one natural energy source
List of People
A Theo Bird
B Richard Rogers
C William Pedersen
D Sinisa Stankovic
E Guy Battle